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Car Seats by Age

Car seats come in a variety of sizes and shapes however, they are all designed to safeguard children according to their age. It is recommended that children ride in their car seat until they meet the manufacturer's weight or height limits, and then use a booster seat until vehicle belts fit properly, typically when they reach 4 feet 9 inches in height or age 10-12.

When looking for a new seat look for features such as fabric that resists stains and pieces that can easily be machine-washed. Hardware that is easy to clean is also taken into consideration.

Rear-facing

Rear-facing car seat cradles babies and toddlers to protect their necks and spines from injury in a crash. They are also safer, since they spread the force of impact over a larger area. This limits spinal cord injuries.

Parents are often tempted by the thought of moving their children forward facing before they're ready. However the American Academy of Pediatrics advises that you keep them in rear-facing as long as you can. The manufacturer will let you know when your child is ready to move forward.

Children's heads are large relative to their bodies and still developing, which makes them particularly vulnerable in a crash. A child's head can produce up to 25 times the weight of their body in the event of a collision that is more than enough force to cause a fatal injury. That's why young children are at the highest risk for fatal head trauma when they sit in a car seat with a front view.

Many parents think that their kids have bigger necks than older kids, so they can handle the transition to a forward-facing car seat sooner. But it's important to remember that a 95th percentile baby car seat isn't any more powerful than the 5th percentile child and no amount of teen push-ups can change the fact that. In the case of a car accident the head of a child with a bigger size is likely to be hit with greater force. This could result in brain and spinal cord injury.

When your child has outgrown their portable infant car seat car seat, you can change to a convertible car seat that lets them stay rear-facing until they reach their maximum height or weight limit. Generally, children will be the first to reach their height limit and therefore it is important to be attentive to the instructions of the manufacturer of your car seat on when to switch to forward-facing mode.

When your child is at their convertible car seat's weight or maximum height, you will require them to be moved to the booster. The majority of booster seats come with an inbuilt angle indicator that tells you that the seat is installed and ready to flip into forward-facing mode. Use a booster only in the back of your car and always wear the seat belt (never shoulder belts) to provide the most secure security for your child.

Forward-facing

Parents are often enticed to flip their baby's car seat as they get older, simply because it's more comfortable. But they must remember that rear-facing seats are safer for children.

In a crash with an infant facing forward the neck is at risk. The head could be hit against the seat and cause permanent spine damage. Even if the child's neck muscles are strong enough, it is still possible for them to suffer whiplash. This is particularly the case for children with smaller necks such as infants who are less than one year old.

A child who is facing towards the front is more likely to hit his head on the dashboard or even a window in an accident. Depending on the nature of the crash and speed at which the vehicle is moving the head may be pulled backwards against the seat and could fracture the skull or the spinal cord.

The current safety guidelines require children to remain rear-facing until they reach 20 lbs and 1 year of age. This is because children younger than one year don't have the neck strength to withstand the forces involved in a head-on collision, which tends to be the most severe type of accident in which cars are involved.

The harness and tether will help keep the child's head steady and reduce neck strain. A child who is rear-facing will also be less likely to sustain head injuries because the impact will be cushioned by their seat.

If you have a child less than one year old in a convertible seat or an all-in-one that can be turned from forward-facing to rear-facing at any point, make sure you read the instructions given by the manufacturer to determine if it's safe for them to face forward. The guidelines of the manufacturer will inform you whether or whether a tether is required and what the maximum weight and height is for the particular seat.

When your child is past the rear-facing car seat limit you can allow them to travel in a forward-facing car seat that has a harness and tether until they reach the maximum weight limit or height allowed by the manufacturer of their car seat. Once they've outgrown it, the time is now to move on to a booster.

Booster seat

There is no set age or size at which kids can safely stop using a booster seat. Children should use a booster seat until the vehicle belt fits them properly, and that can happen anytime between age 8 and 13.

A booster raises a child's height so they can comfortably sit upright in the car. It also positions the shoulder part of the belt in a way that it is near but not over the chest. The lap portion of the belt must rest across the thighs, not over the stomach. Booster seats include a belt guide to ensure the belt is correctly placed.

Booster seats can be bought with or without a rearrest. The most popular model is a high-back booster, which provides head and neck support for children. It's a great choice for cars with low seat backs and no head rests. Backless boosters are more affordable, but they don't provide neck or head support. Certain all-in-one boosters allow users to switch between harness and booster modes, making them suitable for children who are in harness mode until about 65 pounds. They can also be used as a booster seat for about 100 pounds.

Some boosters are equipped with a lower anchors (LATCH) system that hooks onto the vehicle's lower anchors and a tether, when one is available. Certain boosters require a seat belt to hold them in place. Check the owner's manual of your vehicle to determine if can use the lower anchors. Also, make sure you read the instructions for the booster seat to learn how to use it.

Some parents might be enticed to let their 3-year old 30 pounds child take a straight booster seat since they're getting too tall for the car seat. But rushing to "graduate" your child from the harness can be dangerous. If the belt is not secure enough children could be seriously injured or even die in an accident.

Back seat

All children should sit in the back of a car as long as possible with a child safety seat or booster seat that has been properly installed. Children who are too tall for a rear-facing car seat or have outgrown the weight and height limits should transition to a forward-facing child safety seat with a harness until they're too tall for this type of seat.

When your child is no longer able to fit in the rotating infant car seat car seat, they can be moved to a convertible, or an all-in-one car seat that also has an open rear-facing position. These seats typically last for two years, or until the child is at the maximum weight and height of the seat. If you have a car with a middle-seat, install the car safety seat so it can be secured tightly in this position using the lower anchor system or seat belt.

If your child has outgrown their rear-facing car seat, they can be placed in a child restraint that is front-facing fitted with a harness and tether. The majority of these seats can be used until 57 inches tall or until your child is at the top weight and height recommendations of the seat. You can determine how tall and heavy the car seat is by reading the instructions of the manufacturer, or by looking at a tag attached to it.

All children older than 5 years old should be in the booster seat or on a lap belt in the vehicle at the very least. If they can't, they should use the middle back seat restraint. In addition you should not place them in the front seat if there is an air bag that is in use. Children who sit in the front seats are more likely to be injured during a collision because their bodies are smaller.

You can bring your child to an inspection station or a car seat clinic for assistance in selecting and installing the correct child safety seat. They can also find out if your child's seat has been recalled due to safety concerns or other flaws. You can then choose a seat that is compatible with your car and the child's height. If you're not able to test a seat prior to purchasing, make sure it has an exchange policy.