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Planar Magnetic Technology for Headphones

Planar magnetic technology is being revived by a handful of specialized HiFi audio companies. These companies make headphones with closed-back planar magnetic headphones drivers that are based on the old school that deliver a rich, full-bodied sound distinctive.

This paper examines the intrinsic features of a planar magnet device by studying the leakage capacitance, inductance and winding and winding conduction losses. Additionally, a method to reduce these parasitic elements is proposed.

Low vertical height or low profile

Compared to traditional wire-wound magnetics, planar magnetic technology provides lower profile and greater efficiency. It also minimizes leakage and capacitance. This method allows for a smaller size core to be employed, which reduces the cost of the device. It does not require that the magnets be clamped. This makes it ideal for power electronics devices.

Planar magnetic technology has the benefit of being lighter and smaller than traditional headphones. It is also able to handle higher frequencies without distortion. This is due to the diaphragm, which is flat, used in these devices is typically constructed from a thin layer with a conductor trace. The film can respond quickly to audio signals and can produce high levels of sound pressure quickly and easily.

The audio that these devices produce is more rich and detailed. Many audiophiles prefer this, especially those who wish to listen to music at home or in the office. It is important to remember, however, that a planar magnetic driver requires an amplifier that is powered and a digital audio converter (DAC) to function properly.

The resultant sound is more natural and precise than that produced by dynamic drivers. Planar magnetic drivers also respond more quickly to changes in the audio signal, which is why they are ideal for listening to fast music.

Despite their advantages however, planar magnetic drivers come with several disadvantages. One of them is their price, which can be attributed to the massive amount of magnetic material required to run. Their size and weight can be a hindrance, especially when they are being utilized as portable devices.

Wide band gap (WBG) devices

Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are a group of materials which have higher electrical properties than silicon-based devices. They can withstand higher voltages and current density. This makes them ideal for optoelectronics and power electronics applications. Wide band gap semiconductors, like gallium nitride and silicon carbide, can provide significant enhancements in performance and volume. They are also environmentally sustainable than conventional silicon-based devices. These attributes make them attractive for satellite and aerospace manufacturers.

Planar magnetic drivers operate on the same basic principles as dynamic drivers, using an electrical conductor moving between fixed magnets when audio signals are transmitted through them. Planar magnetic drivers, however, employ a flat array with conductors encased or attached to an elongated diaphragm that resembles a thin film instead of a coil. The conductors are made up of coils that sit on the diaphragm and sit directly between two magnets. This causes the push/pull effect that causes the diaphragm movement.

This technology produces music without distortion and produces a distinctive pleasant sound. The driver moves uniformly and swiftly due to the uniform distribution of magnetic force over the entire surface as well as the lack of a coil in the diaphragm. This produces a detailed and precise sound. The resulting sound is known as isodynamic, orthodynamic, or magnetically-incident.

However, because of their complex design and higher price, headphones using planar magnetic loudspeakers magnetic drivers are generally more expensive than those with other driver technologies. However, there are a number of excellent, affordable options such as the Rinko by Seeaudio and S12 Z12 by LETSHUOER which have recently been released.

Power electronics

Planar magnetics dissipate heat more effectively than wire wound components. This allows them to handle more power without undue strain or audible strain. This makes them perfect for applications such as headphones. Planar magnetics are more efficient and also offer greater power density. This technology is particularly suited to applications such as electric vehicle charging, battery management and military systems.

As opposed to dynamic driver headphones which use a diaphragm that's suspended by a voice coil, planar magnetic drivers work on a much different principle. A flat array of conductors is placed directly on the diaphragm, and Planar Magnetic Technology when an electromagnetic signal passes through the array, it causes an interaction between the push-pull magnets on both sides of the diaphragm. This creates soundwaves that move the diaphragm and generate audio.

Planar magnetic devices are more efficient than conventional magnetics because they have a greater surface-to-volume ratio. This means that they can disperse more heat and allow them to operate at higher switching frequencies without exceeding their maximum temperature ratings. They have lower thermal sensitivities compared to wire-wound devices. This allows them to be used in smaller power electronic circuits.

To optimize a planar-boost inductor, designers should take into consideration a variety of factors, including the design of the core, winding configuration, losses estimation, and thermal modeling. Ideally, the inductor should have a low leakage and winding capacitance, and be simple to integrate into PCBs. It should also be able to handle high currents, and be of a compact size.

The inductor also needs to be compatible with multilayer PCBs with through-hole or SMD packages. In addition, the copper thickness needs be sufficient to prevent eddy currents from entering the layers and prevent thermal coupling between conductors.

Flex circuit-based planar winding

In planar magnetics, flex circuit-based windings can be used to create a high-efficiency resonator. They are made up of a single-patterned conductor layer on dielectric film that is flexible and can be fabricated by using a variety of metal foils. The most common is copper foil, which has excellent electrical properties and is processed to allow termination features on both sides. Conductors in a flex circuit are joined by thin lines that extend beyond the edges of the substrate, thereby providing the flexibility required for tape automated bonding (TAB). Single-sided flexes are available in a variety of thicknesses and conductive finishes.

In a typical pair of planar headphones, a diaphragm sandwiched between two permanent magnets. These magnets oscillate in response to electrical signals that are sent by your audio device. These magnetic fields create a soundwave that travels along the entire diaphragm's surface. This piston-like motion helps prevent distortion and breaks.

One of the primary advantages of planar magnetic headphones is their ability to reproduce a wider frequency range, particularly in the lower frequencies. This is because they can produce a larger surface area than conventional cone drivers, allowing them to move more air. Furthermore, they are able to reproduce bass sounds with a higher clarity and clarity.

Planar magnetic headphones can be expensive to make and require a powered amplifier and DAC for operation effectively. In addition, they are heavier and larger than conventional drivers, making them difficult to transport and fit into smaller spaces. Also their low impedance needs a lot of power to drive them, which can quickly add up when you're listening to music at a high volume.

Stamped copper winding

Utilizing stamped copper windings in planar magnetic technology can improve the window utilization rate and cut down on manufacturing costs. The technique involves placing grooves into the coil body to help support the windings at an accurate layer. This method helps prevent deformations of the coil and improves tolerances. It also reduces the amount of scrap that is produced during production and enhances quality assurance. This kind of planar coil is often used in relay and contactor coils, ignition coils, and small transformers. It can also be used in devices with wire thicknesses of up to 0.05 mm. The stamping creates a uniform coil with high current density. The windings will be precisely placed.

Planar magnetic headphones, in contrast to traditional dynamic drivers that use a voicecoil conductor that is attached to the diaphragm's thin surface, feature an array of conductors that are flat directly applied to the diaphragm's thin surface. These conductors vibrate when electronic signals are applied. This causes a pistonic movement that produces sound. As a result, headphones with planar magnetic technology can provide superior sound quality than other types of audio drivers.

This technology can increase the transducer's bandwidth. This is crucial since it allows them to operate in a greater frequency range. It also reduces the power requirements of the driver.

Nevertheless, there are some negatives with this new technology. For instance, it could be difficult to make an ultra-thin diaphragm with a thin film that is capable of handling the extreme temperatures required by this kind of technology. However, manufacturers like Wisdom Audio have overcome this problem by creating an adhesive-free solution that can withstand temperatures of up to 725degF (385degC). This allows them to produce high-quality audio without sacrificing durability and longevity.