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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly does it work?

Espresso is produced by pushing hot water under pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter you put in when making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are a variety of group heads each with their own advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed to provide stability in temperature, while others are built to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. There are even some that include a mix of features, such as the E61 one, which is the classic choice among many baristas due to its ability to provide multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the image above, the group head has numerous notches that you can put your portafilter, then twist it with your hands to lock it in. A gasket made of rubber is positioned in the notches to make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches permit precise placement of the portafilter. This is crucial for an efficient extraction.

The group head not only allows you to put in your portafilter easily however, it also keeps a constant temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature to extract. This is important, as just a few degrees could make the difference between a good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in espresso machines rotary provide nine atmospheric bar pressure needed for espresso extraction. This differs from manual piston machines which use a lever. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically more affordable and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines can deteriorate because of excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems, which can result in the cost of even the simplest models.

Certain espresso machines do away with the pump entirely and utilize steam pressure to make espresso. This can lead to over-extraction as the boiler that makes steam also causes the water to boil. Additionally the machines often have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

Many espresso machines use the rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model utilizes a vibrating disk to generate pressure, while the rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at high speed. Both machines produce great espresso, however rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that is used to heat the water to the perfect temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee, and is then pumped into the cup. The steam creates pressure to push through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a crema on the top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they use and the degree of heat that the espresso is. There are various ways to control the brew and the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. This led to the coffee and espresso maker tasting bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. These are what people imagine when they imagine an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic espresso machine, you need to grind the beans and then tamp them yourself but the pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanised quality.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually have a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, since it helps to prevent overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor since it allows for a longer flowering phase. This helps the beans to let their nuances out and provides an opportunity to improve extraction.

It is important to remember that even the best filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, and the extraction process are still crucial.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes espresso taste great. The grouphead, also referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the device you put the ground coffee into) is placed when making espresso.

Steam-driven professional espresso machine for home machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee under high pressure. These machines are cheaper and easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the ideal brewing conditions as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by compressed air-pump have become increasingly popular. They make use of an air compressor to push hot water across the ground and are more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.