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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are frequently used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica Coffee beans Types beans make up 75% of global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in taste than Robusta, and come with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ significantly based on the growing conditions and processing techniques used to make it.

The word 'coffee' actually originates from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating the fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting kind of coffee bean company.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many different methods of brewing. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is frequently preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee beans shop and create undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select a high quality bean from a reliable source. This can be done by buying your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which makes them different from other coffee beans. They have an aroma that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to provide an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home cultivation. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, but it's best to buy from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile, deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered a separate species but is now classified as an alternative to Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans are grown on large coffee beans bristol plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for house blends. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta, but still have an unusual depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact, they were considered an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have an eerie, dark taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends more body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody undertones.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee bean coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor, choose an arabica bean or a blend of robusta beans and arabica decaf beans coffee.