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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover you're likely aware that different types of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often utilized in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta and come in different flavors. The taste and aroma components of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing methods employed to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow within bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became more energetic after eating the berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee and is typically preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might seem odd it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee it's likely there's some Robusta in there as well.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, most do combine the two varieties in order to cut costs and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose an excellent bean from a trusted source. The best coffee beans uk way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. Online, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans are found on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a more subtle aroma and higher caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they still possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and an intriguing dark flavor. They're often used in blends to give extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and makes up around 40% of the world's jamaica blue coffee beans. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

Now that you've learned the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans, it's time to choose your ideal coffee. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.