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Points accumulated by potting successive object balls are called a "break" (see Scoring below). A traditional snooker scoreboard resembles an abacus and records the points scored by each player for the current frame in units and twenties, as well as the frame scores. The latter is a common foul committed when a player fails to escape from a "snooker", where the previous player has left the cue ball positioned such that no legal ball can be struck directly in a straight line without being wholly or partially obstructed by an illegal ball. Unlike traditional racks, template racks are left on the table during the break shot and removed at the players' earliest convenience. If a player is awarded a free ball with all 15 red balls still in play, they can potentially make a break exceeding 147, with the highest possible being a 155 break, achieved by nominating the free ball as an extra red, then potting the black as the additional colour after potting the free-ball red, followed by the 15 reds with blacks, and finally the colours.

Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent. These are shots that are designed to make playing a legal shot harder, such as leaving another ball between the cue ball and the object ball. A standard full-size snooker table measures 12 ft × 6 ft (365.8 cm × 182.9 cm), with a rectangular playing surface measuring 11 ft 8.5 in × 5 ft 10.0 in (356.9 cm × 177.8 cm). The height of the table from the floor to the top of the cushions is 2 ft 10.0 in (86.4 cm). Egypt in top position, and with Spain at number six. Some players (most often amateurs) place the balls in numeric order but for the 9 ball; from the top of the triangle down and from left to right, i.e., the 1 on the foot spot, followed by the 2 then 3 in the second row, and so on. In nine-ball, the basic principles are the same as detailed in the eight-ball section above, but only balls 1 through 9 are used; the 1 ball is always placed at the rack's apex (because in nine-ball every legal shot, including the break, must strike the lowest numbered ball first) over the table's foot spot, and the 9 ball is placed in the center of the rack.

Another potential consequence of a scratch is being restricted to positioning the cue ball "behind the head string." The head string is an imaginary line dividing the table, and being behind it means that the cue ball must be placed or shot from the specific area nearest the end where the game began. A number of rules have developed which detail what must be done when one or both of the cue ball and fifteenth object ball are either in the rack area at the time an intragame rack is necessary, or are in such close proximity to the intragame racking area, that the physical rack cannot be used without moving the one or the other. In nine-ball games where a handicap is given by one player being spotted a ball, some tournament venues enforce a rule that the spotted ball must be racked as one of the two balls in the row directly behind the 1 ball. In both one-pocket and bank pool all fifteen object balls are racked entirely at random, with the center of the apex ball placed directly over the foot spot. The first ball must be placed at the apex position (front of the rack and so the center of that ball is directly over the table's foot spot).

In the initial rack in straight pool, fifteen balls are racked in a triangular rack, with the center of the apex ball placed over the foot spot. At the start of the game, the red balls are racked into a tightly packed equilateral triangle and the six colours are positioned at designated spots on the table. The colours must next be potted in the ascending order of their values, from lowest to highest, i.e. yellow first (worth two points), then green (three points), brown (four points), blue (five points), pink (six points), and finally black (seven points); each colour remains in the pocket after being potted. The tip of the cue must only make contact with the cue ball and is never used for striking any of the reds or colours directly. The amount of power you put into a shot on a slate table seems to make the ball go further than the same amount on a wood table. 39 Another duty of the referee is to recognise and declare a stalemate when neither player is able to make any progress in the frame.

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