• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many people with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders, like major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many patients who are depressed do not respond well to medication and could be able to benefit from therapy.

Treatments that are most effective in reducing core Symptoms of adhd in adults and treatment (http://netvoyne.ru/user/streetlocust46) of ADHD are those that boost and regulate levels of certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are often prescribed.

Medications

Adults can use many drugs that are prescribed for ADHD in children. The dosages and side effects of untreated adhd in adults can be different. The doctor will examine the medical history, the family health history, and other medical health conditions of the patient to determine which drug is the best for them.

The most common kind of ADHD medication is stimulant and works by adjusting levels of two chemical messengers within the brain, norepinephrine as well as dopamine. Stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextro-amphe (commonly known as Adderall) increase the availability of these neurotransmitters, which aid in improving focus and reducing aggression and impulsivity. They come in many forms like chewable tablets, liquids and skin patches. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are preferred as they result in greater patient compliance and a longer lasting and smoother improvement of symptoms.

It is important to keep in mind that comorbid conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders can affect the response to ADHD medications. Therefore it is recommended that disorders be treated first, and then medication used as a secondary measure. The medications that are used to treat comorbid psychiatric disorders include atomoxetine, bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).).

Some patients may experience an "rebound" effect, where they experience worsening of ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medication. In these cases a short trial of a low dosage of stimulant medication can be helpful.

Certain people are not able to take stimulant medications or are not able to take them due to abuse of drugs or other health conditions like heart issues that are severe or hypertension. In these situations, non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications do not cause the same amount of adverse effects as stimulants and have less risk of abuse and diversion.

Psychotherapy

People suffering from ADHD are able to benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help people who suffer from ADHD learn to improve their lives, deal with stress and anxiety, manage conflicts, or manage issues in their relationships or at work. It can also aid those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing like depression and substance abuse disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These therapies are based on the notion that a person's beliefs and thoughts influence how they behave, think and feel. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then develop and implement strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy uses techniques of meditation to teach a person how to concentrate on their thoughts and emotions, manage their impulses and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy, along with other forms psychotherapy that focus on a person’s family history, may be helpful for those suffering from ADHD.

Psychotherapy, along with medication, can help with specific ADHD issues, like difficulty completing schoolwork or getting along with others. It can also assist with forgetting important dates and responsibilities and making impulsive choices that could lead to legal and financial problems. It can assist a person overcome the root issues like depression and anxiety that may contribute to their ADHD symptoms.

Psychotherapy can assist a person develop healthy coping strategies and reduce stress through exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also provide support to an individual in the family or with a spouse who is struggling with the effects ADHD affects their relationship. Marriage and family therapy helps families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT is a type of psychotherapy which focuses on changing the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It uses skill-based dialogue with a skilled mental health professional (a therapist) to address the root causes of their symptoms. This treatment is designed to help clients overcome limitations and develop coping strategies that are appropriate to their daily lives.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT teach clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts and help them learn to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take a while. It is a viable option for those who cannot get enough relief from their medication.

In a recent RCT that was conducted, it was discovered that cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication is superior over cognitive behavior therapy by itself when it comes to improving the core symptoms, emotional symptom, self-esteem and social functioning in adults with adhd treatment for adults online (Clarke and co. 2017). CBT coupled with methylphenidate could be particularly effective for those who have more severe underlying issues.

The therapists who offer this treatment usually collaborate with the client to develop a detailed action plan for addressing their problems. They typically teach them a set of practical skills that are easy to apply and have a high chance of success. A chart system is often used to monitor progress, and to reward positive behavior. For an infant, this could include a daily report that lists all the school activities or positive behaviors they have to perform, as well as a system for tracking and earning rewards. The therapists could consider creating negative consequences if the child fails to finish their tasks. This can be done with sensitivity and encouragement.

Metacognitive Therapy

A newer form of therapy, metacognitive therapy helps people change the way they think. This kind of treatment is effective for those who suffer from a variety of mental health issues such as depression. It's a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people recognize their negative thoughts and how they impact their emotions. This kind of therapy helps to develop mental tools that are adaptable and beneficial.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive skills and daily functioning among adults with ADHD. To do this we compared self- and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with predictors of Metacognition (comprehensive knowledge, regulation of Cognition, Debugging, Information Management, and Evaluation). It was discovered that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that regulatory processes were not. The predictive ability of a model incorporating metacognition predictors was moderate, suggesting that they can explain an important portion of the variation in the daily functioning of people with ADHD.

Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment that focuses on transforming metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states like worry, rumination, or attention fixation. MCT was developed by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. One case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of MCT in managing illness anxiety disorder, however it's still relatively new and more research is required to determine its effectiveness for other disorders.

This study was designed for evaluating the effectiveness of MCT to reduce symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However, it can be used to treat a variety disorders and could be more effective than other therapy. It is important to keep it in mind that this is not a cure for ADHD, but it can be used as an adjunctive therapy.

Family Therapy

In family therapy, therapists work with all members of the family. This allows all members to understand the client's problems and learn how to treat anxiety and adhd to support their loved ones better. It also assists them in dealing with their frustrations and develop more effective communication skills. This type of counseling can be utilized to treat other comorbidities, such as depression and substance abuse, which are often seen as a result of ADHD.

The therapist will start with an intake session to understand the family's perception and determine if they're suitable for family intervention. The session can be conducted in person or online. The Therapist will explain to each participant the purpose of therapy and the rules for family therapy.

A therapist with had experience working with adults suffering from ADHD asks lots of questions to gain insight into the current symptoms as well as their past and the impact they have on their family, work and personal relationships. They will also ask whether any other mental health issues are present, like anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a method of counseling that is structured that teaches you how to change your negative patterns of thinking and to manage your behavior. It concentrates on improving your self-esteem and self-control by teaching you strategies to manage anxiety and stress. This is a short-term solution that can be utilized in conjunction with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual therapy can help those with ADHD deal with emotional burdens resulting from long-standing patterns of failure, underachievement academic struggles, frequent job changes and conflict in relationships. It can help you learn coping and stress reduction techniques and teach you how to manage your time and money more efficiently. It can also be used to address comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and mood disorders, that are often associated with untreated adhd in adults symptoms.